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J. W. HYATT.

.f FILTER'. A No. 273,542. Patented Mar. 6,1883. 7

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J. WQf-HYATT. FILTER.

No.- 273.54 Patented Mar.6,1883.

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J. W. HYATT.

' FILTER. Y No. 273,542. PatentedMar. 6, 1883.'

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

JOHN W. HYATT, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

FILT'ER.

SPECIFICATION forming partl of Letters Patent No. 273,542, dated March6, 1883.

Application tiled September 15, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN WLHYATT, a citizenof the' United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex andState of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Filters; and I do hereby declare the following` to be a full, clear,and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable l othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The invention relates to improvements in filters; and itconsists incertain novel apparatus for the filtration ot' water and for thecleansing of the filter-beds.

The object of the invention is to filter water more effectively and inlarger volumes than it has been heretofore possible with the apparatusnow in use.

Theparticulariinprovementsand advantages which are incident to myapparatus and the new andoriginal processes of cleansing the tilter-bedswill appear from the detailed description hereinafter presented,reference being had y to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1is a plan view of a series of filters composing my apparatus, the top ofone ofthe tilters being removed, with the supply and delivery pipes, forthe purpose of illustrating the perforated section of material H andthellterbed. In two of the other filters composing the apparatus thefilter-beds are shown in dotted lines, the filter V containing nofilter-bed. Fig. 2 is a central vertical longitudinal section of Fig. 3is a vertical section of a moditied form of construction, and Fig. 4 isa top view of same. Fig. 5 is a central vertical section of a singlelter, illustrating the invention. Fig. 6 is a detached view,illustrating the form of the stirrup P.

As indicated in the said drawings, either the series of lilters or asingle filter may be used in carrying out the purposes of my invention.

l will first describe one of a series of filters and its operation, andthen set forth the construction, arrangement, and advantages of theseries of filters.

The tilter will consist, preferably, of a cylindrical shell orreoepracle,A, of boiler-iron, having a cast-iron head, B, and base C,and having at its upper portion an inlet pipe, l), for the unfilteredwater, and an outlet-pipe, E, for the cleansed water, and a Waste-pipe,F, through which the water used in cleaning the filter-bed may issue.The apparatus will contain a bed of sand or other suitable filteringagent, which will nearly till the same. The inlet D to the apparatus forthe unfiltered Water will be through the pipe G, which will penetratethe bed of sand and issue the water into the lower part of the ilter.It' a series of inlet-pipes are employed, I will arrange their lowerends at differential heights, so that the water will he delivered atvarious points through the lower half of the bed of lltering agent. Onthe side of the tilter opposite to the inlet-pipes is provided. asection of perforated material, H, against which the sand is placed andthrough which the Water issues in a purified condition to the outlet E.Theperforated metal H willbe separated from the siderof the casing ofthe lter by means of lugs or pins Land Willbe of a suitable nature topermit thepassage through it of the Water, but will prevent the escapeof the sand or other filtering agent.

The operation of the filter above described is as follows: The waterpasses through the vinlet-pipe to the lower port-ion of the filter-bed.'A large-portion ofitthen passes upward through the vertical portion ofthe filter-bed, adjacent to the inlet-pipes, to the space in the upperportion thereof, and thence downward again through the materialcomprising the quiescent portion of the bed, and thence through theperforated material H into the outlet. Those portions of the water whichdo not rise upward tothetopofthebed,asindicatedabove,willpass acrossthrough the filter-bed to the perforated material H, and then escape ina purified condition. The effect of delivering the water at one side ofthe apparatus and adjacent to the lower portion of theltering materialis to cause the sand or other agent in the vertical portion of thefilter-bed adjacent to the inletpipes to be very much agitated andloosened, whereby the water will rise in large quantities passingthrough the said portion of the filterbed readily and rapidly, andthence lind its way to the quiescent portion of the filter-bed. Duringthis operation of filtering water the whole body of the sand is broughtinto active use, and is caused to assume such condition and consisten@`as will best adapt it for the purpose for which it is intended.

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In the employment of a series of the lters above described for cleaninglarge quantities of water the preferred arrangement will be as follows,where, for instance, an apparatus consisting ot' four filters is madeuse ot': Each of the filters will be supplied with all of the elementsmentioned above as belonging to the filter first hereinbefore described,and in addition theret will he provided with the connectingpipes M,which passfrom the lower side ot' each tilter (at a point by preferencedirectly opposite to the inlet-pipes) to the adjacent tilter, at theupper portion ot which it enters. Each of the fillers is connected withthe adjacent filter by the pipes M, so that when all the filters areconnected there will be a communication from one to the other, formingan unbroken circuit through the whole series. r)Che pipes M will besupplied with valves N at. or near their lower ends, and the preferredconstruction will be to have them tapered slightly from their upper endsdownward. The object ot having` the pipes M taper from their upper enddownward is to facilitate the passage. through them of the tilteringmarerial during the process ot' washing the tilterbeds, as hereinafterdescribed. The valve N is of peculiar construction, and is speciallyadapted for pipes through which a current of sand and water is to pass.Itis plain that but few valves would stand the conditions to which theywould lie subjected in a pipe usi d break I slip a section of strongrubber hose, i

the ends of which are clamped or wired in place, and centrally upon thisrubber section ot' hose l place a stirrup, P, having a follower, lt,controlled by a set-screw,S. This composes the valve N, which may beclosed b v crowding the follower it down upon the hose'until its twosides are in contact with each other, and may be opened by the reverseot' this movement. Where a series ot` filters are used one of them will'ne left empty-ile., containing no filtering agent, but only water-forconvenience and to aid the operation ot' cleaning the beds. Hence wewill consider that the tilters TUVare all in operation, their inlet andoutlet pipes being by preference connected with a common supply anddelivery, and the h'lter W being idle and containing no liltering agent.It will be desirable not to stop the process of filtration entirelyduring the operation of washing;r the beds. Hence one ofthe tilters willbe cleansed while the other two will continue their operation.

It' it is desired, for instance, to clean the bed of filtering agent inthe filterV,thewatcr from' theinletwill be continued as bel'ore,tliewastepipe will be partially open and the outlet-pipe closed. The valve Nin the pipe M, leading to the h'lter W, will be opened. The el'ect ofthis arrangement is that the water will drive the sand (and pass withit) upward through the pipe M and fall into the empty tilter W, wherebyit is thoroughly agitated, and the water passing with it and through it,and escaping' through the waste-pipe with the silt and other impurities,itis ettectually cleansed. The Filter V now is 'empty and the `filter Wis full of cleaned tilteriug agent. 'Iliesand in thetilter W may be nowused for filtering water. the filter V being used to receive the sandfrom the filter T in the same manner as the sand was brought from thefilter V into the filter W. ln cleaningr the sandlieds the sand will bebrought at will from one filter to the other, one being always leftempty and idle. The sand is thoroughly agitated and cleansed, and is incondition, when emptied into the adjoining tilter, t'or a continuationof the operation ot' the invention. The transfer ot' the lilter-bed fromone receptacle to another by means ot a current of water biings theelements ot' the said hed in friction-al contact with each other andwith the current ot' water, and for this reason and on account ot' theprecipitation ot' the filtering agent in falling through the water fromthe upper to the iower part of the receptacle the silt and otherimpurities are loosened from the iiltering agent and escape through thewastepipe with the water, whereby the lilter-bed is ett'ectuallycleansed. 1

In Figs. 3 and 4 I illustrate a modified form ot' construction whichembodies the principles of the filter shown iii Figs. land 2. and isdit'- terent from it only inthe arrangement ot' the transfer-pipellI. Inthis moditication four filters are shown. and thetraiisl'erpipe passesfrom the interior and at one side ot'each tilter, respect- IOO i irely,to the center ot' the adjacent hiter. The l position ofthe taperedtraiist`i-r-pipe M is clearly indicated in Fig. 3, in wliiclrtigure itwill be observed that the mouth ot' the pipe is at the lower part ot'the tilter, while the body thereof'tapers upward to the top ot' same,and there meeting the horizontal portion it extends to the center of'the adjoining filter. The valve for the pipe M in this nioditicat-ion isplaced at the. top ofthe filter, as shown, and consists in` thisinstance of' the disk C and threaded stem D', which passes upwardthrough the internally-tlireaded lug E', and is supplied with a handleby which it may be operated. The jet-pipe X, having a \al\'e,:t', inthis construction, passes from the top ot' the lilter and enters thepipe M ata point about on a line with the center ot' its horizontalportion. During the operation ot' washing the lilter-bed the force ot'water in the tlter will cause a. jet or small stream to tiow through thepipe X into the current of sand passing through the pipe M, which jet orsmall stream will facilitate the passage. of said current andeti'ectually prevent any clogging of the material in the pipe M. It alsoassists in loosening the impurities from the filtering agent.

In Fig. 3 l show asingle filter provided with a. sand-receptacle, a,instead ot' employing a series ot' filters, as illustrated in Figs. land 2. In the lilter shown in Fig. 3 the elements described in Figs. 1and 2 are all employed, the

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difference being that the sand-pipe M, instead of leading to an emptyfilter, leadsy to the receptacle a, placed directly over the apparatus.The receptacle a will be of sufficient size to receive the bed offiltering agent, and will be provided in its bottom with a valve, b,through which the sand or other material used as the filtering agent maypass into the filter proper at the time desired. The upper edge of thereceptacle a will be provided with a wastetrough, c. In the operation ofwashing the filter-hed I close the outlet E and allow the inlet D toremain open and the flow of water continued, the valve N being opened.The effect of this is to drive the sand through the pipe M into thereceptacle a, during which time, the liow of Water being continued, thesilt and other impurities will be loosened from the sand and will flowwith the waste water over" the trough c and away by means of spout d.After the sand has been thus cleansed the valve b is opened by turningthe rod and wheel e, and the ilteringagent allowed toi'all through thesame downward into the cylinder A, when it will be in proper conditionfor further use. The operation of this embodiment of the inventionillustrated in Fig. 3 will be fully understood in view of thedescription.of Figs. l and 2, and need not be more specifically setforth.

Under some conditions it may be found desirable to facilitate thepassage of the sand through the pipe M by a jet ot' water, and in suchcases a pipe, X, having a valve, may be supplied. In some instances thiswill not be required, but will be found advantageous in nearly everycase, as it assists the how of the iltering material and the removal ofthe impurities.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In cleansing granular filter-beds, the

method of removingthe impurities therefrom by transferring the filteringsubstance, under water-pressure, from one compartment to an# otherinsuch manner that theparticles of which the bed is composed are broughtin frictional arranged on the side of the yfilter opposite to4 theinlet, in the manner described, and for the purposes expressed.

3. The iilter herein described, containing a bed of filtering. agent andprovided with the inlet for unfiltered water, the outlet for thefiltered water, and the tapered pipe M, having a valve, and beingconnected with a suitable recptacle to receive the bed of iilteringagent during the process of washing the same, the transfer of the bedfrom the filter tothe said receptacle being induced through the pipe M,substantially as set forth.

4. The ltering apparatus herein described. consisting of a series oflters, each supplied with independent inlet and outlet pipes andconnected with each other, so as to form an unbroken circuit, by meansof the pipes M, provided with valves, whichffpipes pass from the lowerportion of one filter to the upper portion of the adjacent filter, andare adapted to permitthe transfer through them of the bed of filteringmaterial when it is desired to clean the same, substantially asspecified. Y

5. In a filtering apparatus consisting of two or more receptacles havinga suitable supply and delivery, the transfer-pipe M and jet-pipe X, asand for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN W. HYATT.

